The project examined the water–energy–climate nexus to advance understanding of climate-resilient and low-carbon urban water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services in 12 coastal towns across the western Indian states of Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, and Karnataka. Adopting a multi-scale analytical framework, the study evaluated climate-related risks to WASH infrastructure, quantified greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, assessed the financial sustainability of WASH service delivery, and examined the policy and institutional frameworks governing the sector. The analysis integrated national, state, and town-level policy review with extensive field-based research to generate evidence for strengthening climate-resilient planning and sustainable urban water and sanitation governance.